Ekstrak Air Biji Pepaya (Carica Papaya) dapat Menurunkan Kadar Kolesterol Total dan Kadar Serumglutamat Piruvat Transaminase (Sgpt) pada Tikus Putih Jantan Galur Wistar yang Hiperkolesterolemia
Abstract
Hiperkolesterolemia merupakan kelainan metabolisme lemak yang dianggap sebagai faktor yang berkontribusi dalam peningkatan risiko PJK. Biji pepaya diduga memiliki aktivitas hipolipidemik karena mengandung senyawa fitokimia yang berpengaruh pada metabolisme lemak. Penelitian ini menggunakan model eksperimental randomized pretest-posttestcontrol-group design terhadap 30 ekor tikus yang hiperkolesterolemia setelah diinduksi pakan tinggi kolesterol selama 48 hari. Tikus tersebut dibagi ke dalam 3 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif (P0), kontrol positif (P1), dan kelompok perlakuan (P2).Aktivitas antihiperkolesterolemik dinilai melalui pengukuran kadar kolesterol total dan SGPT pretest dan posttest. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ekstrak air biji pepaya dosis 300 mg/kg/hari mampu menurunkan kadar kolesterol total sebesar 13,39% dan kadar SGPT sebesar 31,4% (p<0,05). Uji One Way Anova menunjukkan bahwa kadar kolesterol total dan SGPT posttest antar kelompok berbeda bermakna (p<0,05). Uji LSD menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak air biji pepaya dapat secara signifikan menurunkan kadar kolesterol total pada tikus yang hiperkolesterolemia jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok placebo. Kadar tersebut tidak berbeda signifikan dengan kelompok yang diberi simvastatin (beda rerata 0,6 mg/dL; p>0,05). Penurunan kadar SGPT diketahui berbeda bermakna jika dibandingkan kelompok placebo. Hasil tersebut dapat membuktikan bahwa pemberian ekstrak air biji pepaya dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total dan SGPT pada tikus putih jantan galur wistar yang hiperkolesterolemia.
Kata Kunci: hipekolesterolemia, ekstrak biji papaya, kolesterol total, SGPT.
Â
[Aqueous Extract of Papaya (Carica Papaya) Seeds Decreased Total Cholesterol and Alanine
Aminotransferase (Alt) Levels in Hypercholesterolemic Male Wistar Rats]
Hypercolesterolemic is fat metabolism disorder which contributes to increase the risk of CHD. Papaya seeds issuspected having anti-hipercholesterolemic activity, because contains several phytochemical compounds. This study uses a model of experimental randomized pretest-posttestcontrol-group design in 30 rats that had induced hypercholesterolemia with high cholesterol diet for 48 days. Rats were divided into 3 groups: negative control (P0), positive control (P1), and the treatment group (P2). Antihypercholesterolemic activities were assessed through total cholesterol and ALT pretest and posttest levels. Results of this study has shown that aqueous extract of papaya seeds dose 300 mg/kg/day can reduce total cholesterol by 13.39% and ALT by 31.4% (p<0.05). One Way ANOVA test showed that the levels of total cholesterol and SGPT posttest are significantly different between groups (p<0.05). Further test with LSD showed that the aqueous extract of papaya seeds can significantly reduce total cholesterol when compared to P0. These results do not differ significantly from group that given simvastatin (mean difference 0.6 mg/dL; p>0.05). Decreased levels of ALT are also known significantly different when compared to P0.These result proved that aqueous extract of Carica papaya seeds can decreased total cholesterol and ALT levels in hypercholesterolemic male wistar rats.
Keywords: hypercholesterolemic, papaya seeds extract, total cholesterol, ALTReferences
Al-Jameil, N., Khan, F.A., Arjumand, S., Khan, M.F., and Tabassum, H. (2014). Associated Liver Enzymes with HyperlipidemicProfie in Type 2 Diabetes Patients. Int J ClinExpPathol, 7(7), 4345-4349.
Krisnansari, D., Sulistyo, H., dan Ati, V.R.B. (2014). Efek Propolis Terhadap Fungsi dan Perlemakan Hati Tikus Putih (Rattusnorvegicus) Model Hiperkolesterolemia. Penel Gizi Makan, 37(1), 77-85.
Talbert, R.L. (2008). Hyperlipidemia. In: Dipiro, J.T., Talbert, R.L., Yee, G.C., Matzke, G.R., Wells, B.G., Posey, L.M., editors. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach (pp.778-780). 7th Ed. USA: The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Nwodo, N.J., Nnadi, C.O., Ibezim, A., Mbah, C.J. (2007). Plants with Hypolipidaemic Effects from Nigerian Flora. Intech, 7(2), 241-225.
Baskaran, G., Salvamani, S., Ahmad, S.A., Shaharuddin, N.A., Pattiram, P.D., and Shukor, M.Y. (2015). HMG-Coa Reductase Inhibitory Activity and Phytocomponent Investigation of BasellaalbaLeafExtract as a Treatment for Hypercholesterolemia. Drug Design, Development and Therapy,15(9), 509-517.
Nale, L.P., More, P.R., More, B.K., Ghumare, B.C., Shendre, S.B. and Mote, C.S. (2012). Protective Effect of Carica papaya L. Seed Extract in Gentamicin Induced Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity in Rats. Int J Pharm Bio Sci, 3(3), 508-515.
Abolaji, A.O., Adebayo, A.H., and Odesanmi, O.S. (2007). Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Parinaripolyandra (Rosaceae) on Serum Lipid Profile and Some Electrolytes in Pregnant Rabbits. Research Journal of Medicinal
Plants,7(1), 121 -127.
Elgadir, M.A., Salama, M., and Adam, A.(2008). Carica Papaya as a Source of Natural Medicine and Its Utilization in SelectedPharmacetical Applications. International Journal of Pharmacy andPharmaceutical Sciences, 6(1), 881-884.
Ratnayanti, D. (2011). “Pemberian Growth Hormone Memperbaiki Profil Lipid dan Menurunkan Kadar MDA (Malondyaldehide) pada Tikus Jantan yang Dislipidemia†(Tesis). Denpasar: Universitas Udayana.
Agustina, S. (2015). “Pemanfaatan Kitosan Kulit Udang Sebagai Penurun Kadar Kolesterol Darah Tikus Sprague Dawley†(tesis). Denpasar: Universitas Udayana.
Sadikin M. (2008). Biokimia Enzim. Jakarta: Widya Medika.
Dahlan, M. S. (2012). Statistika untuk Kedokteran dan Kesehatan. Jakarta: SalembaMedika. pp. 167-174, 184-187, 189-208.
Afolabi, I.S., Akuiyibo, S.M., Rotimi, S.O., and Adeyemi, A.O. (2011). Invivo Evaluation of Lipid and Antioxidants Qualities of Carica papayaSeed Oil. Journal of Natural Products, 4(1), 125-135.
Sweetman, S.C. (2009). Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference. Thirty-sixth Edition. USA. Pharmaceutical Press. pp. 2264.
Raymond, C.R. and Paul, S. (2008). Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipient. 4th Ed. USA: Pharmaceutical Press.
Suyatna, F.D. (2011). Hipolipidemik. Dalam: Gunawan, S.G., Nafrialdi, R.S., Elysabeth. 2011. Farmakologi dan Terapi. Edisi Kelima. Jakarta: Bagian Farmakologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. p. 373-388.
Lacy, C.F., Amstrong, L.L., Goldman, M.P., and Lance L.L. (2011). Drug Information Handbook. Twentieth Edition. USA: Lexicomp’s. p. 1370-1372.
Nwangwa, E.K. and Ekhoye, E.I. (2013). Anti-Hyperlipidemic Activity of Aqueous Extract of Carica papaya Seed in Albino Rats fed with High Fat Diet. Current Trends in Technology and Science, 3(2), 1-6.
Nwanjo, H.U. (2007). Free Radicals Scavenging Potential of The Aqueous Extract Of Viscum Album (Mistletoe) Leaves In Diabetic Wistar Rats Hepatocytes. Internet Journal of Nutrition and Wellness, 1(1), 1-4.
Venkateshwarlu, E., Dileep, Reddy, R.K., and Sandhya. (2013). Evaluation of Anti Diabetic Activity of Carica Papaya Seeds on Streptozotocin-Induced Type-II Diabetic Rats. J Adv Sci Res, 4(2), 4-41
Gato, N., Kadowaki, A., Hashimoto, N., Yokoyama, S., Matsumoto, K. (2013). Persimmon Fruit Tannin-Rich Fiber Reduces Cholesterol Levels in Humans. Ann NutrMetab, 62(1), 1-6.
Nale, L.P., More, P.R., More, B.K., Ghumare, B.C., Shendre, S.B. and Mote, C.S. (2012). Protective Effect of Carica papaya L. Seed Extract in Gentamicin Induced Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity in Rats. Int J Pharm Bio Sci, 3:508-515.
Michel, P., Dobrowolska, A., Kicel, A., Owczarek, A., Bazylko, A., Granica, S., Piwowarski, J.P., Olszewska, M.A. (2014). Polyphenolic Profile, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Eastern Teaberry (Gaultheria procumbens L.) Leaf Extracts. Molecules, 19(1), 20498-20520.
González, R., Ballester, I., López-Posadas, R., Suárez, M.D., Zarzuelo, A., MartÃnez-Augustin, O., Sánchez-de-Medina, F. (2011). Effects of flavonoids and Other Polyphenols on Inflammation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nut, 51(1), 331-362.
Abstract viewed = 1029 times
PDF (Bahasa Indonesia) downloaded = 2111 times
