Model dekonstruksi bangunan berkelanjutan berbasis “reverse 4D BIMâ€
Abstrak
Pertambahan penduduk Indonesia dan lahan yang terbatas membuat kebutuhan akan tempat tinggal, tempat bekerja dan bangunan vertikal meningkat. Konsekuensinya, bangunan-bangunan yang sudah melebihi masa layan, terjadi perubahan fungsi, rusak akibat bencana dan tidak layak fungsi, perlu dilakukan pembongkaran (demolisi). Demolisi perlu menjadi perhatian khusus karena proses membutuhkan perencanaan yang kompleks, pembongkaran yang selektif, memiliki risiko tinggi dan menghasilkan limbah bongkaran lebih dari 40% dari total limbah padat di negara berkembang. Di Indonesia khususnya, demolisi yang berkelanjutan (dekonstruksi) belum banyak dilaksanakan oleh penyedia jasa demolisi. Pemerintahpun belum memiliki aturan yang komprehensif untuk demolisi bangunan yang berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengusulkan model demolisi berkelanjutan, dengan mengutamakan aspek konservasi material limbah bongkaran. Dalam penelitian ini, teknologi "Reverse 4D BIM†digunakan untuk visualisasi sequencing proses demolisi, memprediksi jenis, volume dan penjadwalan pembuangan limbah sisa bongkaran. Hasil prediksi limbah demolisi kemudian diklasifikasikan pemanfaatannya menggunakan konsep reduce, reuse dan recycle (3R) untuk mengakomodasi proses demolisi berkelanjutan dan circular economy. Untuk mengimplementasikan model ini, digunakan simulasi 4D BIM pada bangunan gedung studi kasus. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa model yang diusulkan efektif dan dapat diimplementasikan untuk pelaksanaan demolisi bangunan yang berkelanjutan.
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