Police and Social Media: Law Enforcement Against Defamation and Libel in Social Media Comment Sections

Fuadi Isnawan

doi:10.55637/elg.4.2.9649.173-189

Fuadi Isnawan Fakultas Hukum UII

DOI: https://doi.org/10.55637/elg.4.2.9649.173-189

Keywords: Defamation, Law Enforcement, Libel

Abstract

While social media has great potential to facilitate useful information exchange and positive interactions, it is also a platform for harmful behaviors, including offensive and defamatory comments. Offensive and defamatory comments on social media raise concerns in modern society. This phenomenon can adversely affect the targeted individuals, damaging their reputation and self-esteem, and can cause stress, anxiety and depression. This article uses a normative juridical research method conducted through document studies, namely by using sources of legal materials in the form of laws and regulations, legal theories, and experts' opinions to examine cases relevant to the topic using a case approach. The research results include Defamation involves harming someone's reputation through false statements and is a criminal offense covered by both the Criminal Code and the ITE Law. The ITE Law, particularly Article 27 paragraph (3), addresses defamation involving electronic information and documents, requiring intentionality and lack of right for it to be considered defamatory. The law applies to everyone, including Indonesian and foreign citizens and legal entities. Key to understanding defamation in this context is the element of distributing, transmitting, and making electronic information accessible. The ITE Law defines these actions to provide legal clarity and combat social media defamation effectively. Electronic information includes written, audio, and visual data, while electronic documents cover digital data forms, both crucial for prosecuting defamation cases. The ITE Law's concept of defamation aligns with Article 310 of the Criminal Code, which criminalizes attacks on someone's honor or reputation intended for public dissemination. This ensures that traditional principles of criminal defamation law are applied to digital contexts, offering a comprehensive legal framework for addressing defamation on social media. Law enforcement plays a pivotal role in maintaining societal order and justice. It involves not only applying legal provisions but also reflecting the underlying values of the law and exercising discretion in decision-making. The Indonesian National Police (POLRI) holds the primary responsibility for law enforcement, operating within the framework of the rule of law. Investigations into crimes such as hate speech in social media rely on reports from victims or those with legal standing. Evidence gathering involves various methods, including testimony from witnesses and analysis of electronic evidence by experts. Investigators must conduct their duties transparently and accountably to uphold the principles of justice. The investigation process, as regulated by the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), aims to collect evidence, identify criminal offenses, and find suspects. Investigators must adhere to legal principles, respecting the dignity and rights of suspects, who are presumed innocent until proven guilty. Arrest and confiscation are among the enforced measures to secure suspects and gather evidence, respectively, with strict adherence to procedural requirements. Confiscated items serve as crucial evidence in legal proceedings, ensuring the integrity of the investigative and judicial processes.

References

Adrizal, A. (2021). Analisis Yuridis Atas Penghinaan Dan Pencemaran Nama Baik Melaui Media Sosial Facebook Dalam Persepktif UU ITE No. 19 Tahun 2016 (Studi Kasus Putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Nomor 464 K/Pid.Sus/2018). Jurnal Hukum Dan Kemasyarakatan Al-Hikmah, 2 No. 4.
Alicia Lumenta. (2020). Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Tindak Pidana Pencemaran Nama Baik Menurut KUHP Dan Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 Tentang ITE. Lex Crimen, IX(1).
Amri Teguh Ramadhan & Ashabul Kahfi. (2022). Analisis Kebebasan Bermedia Sosial Pada Penyebaran Informasi Publik Bermuatan Penghinaan Danpencemaran Nama Baik. Alauddin Law Development Journal (ALDEV), 4(1).
Anggaraini, A., & Gunawan, B. I. (2019). Upaya Hukum Penghinaan (Body Shaming) Dikalangan Media Sosial Menurut Hukum Pidana Dan UU ITE. Jurnal Lex Justitia, 1 No. 2.
Asmadi, E. (2021). Rumusan Delik Dan Pemidanaan Bagi Tindak Pidana Pencemaran Nama Baik Di Media Sosial. De Lega Lata, 6 No. 1.
Bagus Andri Dwi Putra & Edi Wahjuningati. (2021). Kedudukan Alat Bukti Elektronik Yang Diperoleh Dari Penyadapan Hacker Dalam Hukum Pidana. Jurnal Judiciary, 1(1).
Brian Obrien Stanley Lompoliuw. (2019). Analisis Penegakan Hukum Pidana Tentang Penghinaan Di Media Sosial Ditinjau Dari Undang-Undang ITE DAN KUHP. Lex Crimen, 8(12).
Butar - Butar, C. (2023). Ujaran Penghinaan Dan Pencemaran Nama Baik Dalam Sosial Media Di Wilayah Hukum Polres Labuhan Batu. Bahterasia: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 4 No. 1.
Chandra, T. Y. (2022). Hukum Pidana (Y. Putera, Ed.). Sangir Multi Usaha.
Daud. (2024). Perspektif Undang-Undang Hak Cipta dan Undang-Undang ITE Terhadap Penyebarluasan Buku Elektronik. Socius: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 1(6).
Halid, R. (2021). Tindak Tutur Pelaku Pecemaran Nama Baik Di Media Sosial Kajian Linguistik Forensik. Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar.
Idham, R. (2021). Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Tindak Pidana Penghinaan Atau Pencemaran Nama Baik Melalui Media Sosial (Studi Putusan Nomor 53/Pid.Sus/2018/Pn Kbu). Jurnal Petitum, 1 No. 1.
Jayananda, I. M. V., Sugiartha, I. N. G., & Widyantara, I. M. M. (2021). Analisis Tentang Pencemaran Nama Baik dan Penyalahgunaan Hak Kebebasan Berpendapat di Media Sosial. Analogi Hukum, 3 No 2.
Kasenda, D. G. (2018). Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Tindak Pidana Penghinaan Melalui Media Elektronik. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Tambun Bungai, 3 No. 1.
Khatimah, H. (2018). Posisi Dan Peran Media Dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat. Tasamuh, 16 No. 1.
Lianthy Nathania Paat. (2020). Kajian Hukum Terhadap Cyber Bullyingberdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016. Lex Crimen, IX(1).
Lidya Suryani Widayati. (2018). Ujaran Kebencian: Batasan Pengertian Dan Larangannya. Info Singkat, X(6).
Lubis, F. (2020). Bunga Rampai Hukum Acara Pidana. Manhaji.
Marcellino Roberto, R., Muaja, H. S., & Worang, E. N. (2021). Penerapan Sanksi Pada Tindak Pidana Pencemaran Nama Baik Dan Penghinaan Melalui Media Sosial Menurut Uu Ite. Lex Privatum, 9 No. 5.
Muhaimin, M. (2020). Metode Penelitian Hukum. Mataram University Press.
Muhammad Iqbal. (2024). Kajian Ujaran Kebencian Dalam Perpektif Undang-Undang Informasi, Teknologi Elektronik(Studi Kasus Ujaran Kebencian Bernada Ancaman Oleh Andi Pangerang Hasanudin Kepada Warga Muhammadiyah). Legal System Journal, 1(1).
Nababan, A. S., Mukidi, M., & Marlina, M. (2022). Pencemaran Nama Baik Di Media Sosial Penegakan Hukum Tindak Pidana Penipuan Dengan Modus Investasi. Jurnal Ilmiah Metadata, 4 No 2.
Nedra Wati. (2021). Penerapan Unsur Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang Oleh Penyidik Pada Direktorat Reserse Kriminal Umum Polda Sumatera Barat. Unes Journal of Swara Justisia, 5(2).
Purwoleksono, D. E. (2015). Hukum Acara Pidana. Airlangga University Press.
Samudra, A. H. (2020). Pencemaran Nama Baik Dan Penghinaan Melalui Media Teknologi Informasi Komunikasi Di Indonesia Pasca Amandemen UU ITE. Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan, 50 No 1.
Sepima, A., Siregar, G. T. P., & Siregar, S. A. (2021). Penegakan Hukum Ujaran Kebencian Di Republik Indonesia. 2 no 1.
Simamora, F. P., Simarmata, L. D., & Lubis, M. A. (2020). Kajian Hukum Pidana Terhadap Perbuatan Pencemaran Nama Baik Melalui Media Sosial. Jurnal Retentum, 1 No. 2.
Simbolon, T. M., Gunarto, G., & Ma’ruf, U. (2018). Kebijakan Hukum Pidana Terhadap Tindak Pidana Penghinaan Atau Pencemaran Nama Baik Melalui Internet Di Indonesia Sebagai Cybercrime. Jurnal Daulat Hukum, 1 No. 1.
Solikin, N. (2021). Pengantar Metodologi Penelitian Hukum. Qiara Media.
Suyanto, S. (2018). Hukum Acara Pidana. Zifatama Jawara.
Syahrul Bakti Harahap & Herlina Hanum Harahap. (2020). Kajian Hukum Pasal 27 Undang-Undang No 19 Tahun 2016. JURNAL PENELITIAN PENDIDIKAN SOSIAL HUMANIORA, 5(2).
Tanos, G. K. (2016). Penerapan Sanksi Pidana Terhadap Pelaku Penghinaan Melalui Media Sosial Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 Tentang Informasi Dan Transaksi Elektronik. Lex et Societatis, 4 No 1.
Yahman, Y. (2021). Pengantar Hukum Acara Pidana. Qiara Media.
Yulia, R., Herli, D., & Prakarsa, A. (2019). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Korban Kejahatan Pada Proses Penyelidikan Dan Penyidikan Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana. Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan, 49 No. 3.