Growth and Yield of Brazilian Spinach Plant (Alternanthera Sissoo) Under The Treatment of Types and Dosages of Organic Fertilizer
Keywords:
Brazilian spinach, dosage of organic fertilizer, rabbit manure, chicken manure, goat manureAbstract
Brazilian spinach is a highly nutritious vegetable, offering a rich profile of essential components, including minerals, vitamins A, B6, and C, antioxidants, and folic acid. Given its significant potential, sustainable cultivation methods are encouraged, particularly through the application of organic fertilizers to meet the plant's nutritional needs. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of various types and dosages of organic fertilizers on the growth and yield performance of Brazilian spinach. The experiment took place at the Wet Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Science, and Technology, Warmadewa University, located on Jalan Terompong No. 24, Denpasar. A factorial Randomized Block Design was employed, examining two factors: organic fertilizer type (J1: rabbit manure, J2: chicken manure, J3: goat manure) and fertilizer dosage (D1: 5 tons/ha, D2: 10 tons/ha, D3: 15 tons/ha, D4: 20 tons/ha). Results indicated that the highest total fresh economic yield per plant was achieved using rabbit manure (115.33 g), representing a 29.58% increase compared to the lowest goat manure treatment (89.00 g). Regarding the first harvest, the highest fresh economic yield per plant occurred with chicken manure (39.25 g), outperforming the lowest goat manure treatment (26.25 g) by 49.52%. Furthermore, a dosage of 5 tons/ha resulted in the maximum fresh economic yield for the third harvest (34.33 g), a 32.90% improvement over the lowest dosage (25.83 g).
References
[1] E. D. Priyana, “Pengembangan fasilitas dan sosialisasi bule-brazil dalam ember (panduan wujud kemandirian ekonomi masyarakat),” Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Teknik, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 25–30, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.24853/jpmt.4.1.25-30.
[2] A. M. Strayker, G. Fitra, A. S. Theresia, P. N. Zaidan, S. Erizal, and H. E. Sutisna, “Morphological traits of Brazilian spinach on different shading intensities and organic fertilizer,” BIOVALENTIA: Biological Research Journal, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1–10, Apr. 2025, doi: 10.24233/biov.11.2.2025.338.
[3] A. Susanti, “The effect of three types of manure on the growth of spinach (Amaranthus sp.),” AGARICUS: Advances Agriculture Science & Farming, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 36–40, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.32764/agaricus.v3i2.3630.
[4] A. Astuti, P. Hadi, and L. Widiastuti, “Respon pertumbuhan bayam Brazil (Alternanthera sissoo) terhadap pemberian POC lindi dan bokashi kotoran kambing,” Takuana: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Humaniora, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 1876–1884, Feb. 2026, doi: 10.56113/takuana.v4i4.395.
[5] M. Rahmat, W. Priawantiputri, and P. Pusparini, “Cookies bayam dan tepung sorgum kaya akan zat besi sebagai makanan tambahan untuk ibu hamil dengan anemia,” Jurnal Riset Kesehatan Poltekkes Depkes Bandung, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 245–254, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.34011/juriskesbdg.v12i2.1775.
[6] H. F. Sitompul, T. Simanungkalit, and L. Mawarni, “Respons pertumbuhan bibit kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) terhadap pemberian pupuk kandang kelinci dan pupuk NPK (16:16:16),” Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Universitas Sumatera Utara, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 997–1003, Jun. 2014, doi: 10.32734/jaet.v2i3.7462.
[7] S. Pusparani, T. W. Saputra, Y. Rachmandhika, and S. Ristiyana, “Performance analysis of Brazilian spinach (Alternanthera sissoo) by the application of different types and concentrations of local microorganism,” JERAMI: Indonesian Journal of Crop Science, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 72–77, Feb. 2025, doi: 10.25077/jijcs.v7i2.181.
[8] R. Mpaballeng, M. Simphiwe, S. Tembakazi, C. Retief, and K. Bongani, “Effect of organic and inorganic fertilization on the growth and yield of two Amaranthus accessions,” African Journal of Agricultural Research, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 56–65, Jan. 2025, doi: 10.5897/ajar2024.16690.
[9] U. U. Emeghara, “Effects of planting method and different nutrient sources on the yield, growth and quality of Amaranthus species in Northern Guinea Savanna zone of Nigeria,” Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, vol. 140, no. 8, pp. 40–49, Sep. 2023, doi: 10.18551/rjoas.2023-09.06.
[10] R. I. A., “Pengaruh pemangkasan dan pemberian pupuk kandang ayam terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman mentimun (Cucumis sativus L.),” Skripsi, Universitas Jember, Jember, Indonesia, 2020.
[11] A. O. Adekiya et al., “Different organic manure sources and NPK fertilizer on soil chemical properties, growth, yield and quality of okra,” Scientific Reports, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 16083–16091, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-73291-x.
[12] A. D. Putra, M. Damanik, and H. Hanum, “Aplikasi pupuk urea dan pupuk kandang kambing untuk meningkatkan N total tanah pada Inceptisol Kwala Bekala dan kaitannya terhadap pertumbuhan jagung (Zea mays L.),” Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Universitas Sumatera Utara, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1027–1035, Dec. 2014, doi: 10.32734/jaet.v3i1.9373.
[13] H. Sattar, “Immobilization of chromium by poultry manure and gypsum in soil and reducing its uptake by spinach grown with textile effluent irrigation,” The Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 791–798, Jul. 2019, doi: 10.21162/pakjas/19.8474.
[14] M. Sukron, “Pengaruh pemberian jenis dan dosis pupuk organik terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi bayam Brazil (Alternanthera sissoo Hort.),” Skripsi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang, Palembang, Indonesia, 2023.
[15] I. S. K. Wardhana, H. Hasbi, and I. Wijaya, “Respons pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman selada (Lactuca sativa L.) pada pemberian dosis pupuk kandang kambing dan interval waktu aplikasi pupuk cair super bionik,” Agritrop: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 155–164, Mar. 2017, doi: 10.32528/agr.v14i2.431.
[16] A. A. Y. Astari, A. A. N. M. Wirajaya, and L. Kartini, “Respon beberapa varietas tanaman kacang panjang (Vigna sinensis L.) pada pemberian dosis pupuk kandang kelinci,” Genta Agro, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 29–36, Jan. 2019, doi: 10.22225/ga.24.1.1692.29-36.
[17] O. Dikinya and N. Mufwanzala, “Chicken manure-enhanced soil fertility and productivity: Effects of application rates,” Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 46–54, May 2010, doi: 10.5897/jssem.9000019.
[18] W. D. P. Rengga, A. Malikhana, R. Rayditya, and R. D. Prasetyo, “Analysis of chicken manure fertilizer on the growth effectiveness of water spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir.),” Majalah Ilmiah Peternakan, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 114–120, Nov. 2022, doi: 10.24843/mip.2022.v25.i02.p10.
[19] J. M. Mayele and F. R. Abu, “Determining the effects of selected organic fertilizer on growth and yields of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum: Var. Rio Grande Tomatoes) in Mundri West County, Western Equatoria State, South Sudan,” Agricultural Sciences, vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 1343–1374, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.4236/as.2023.149089.
[20] I. A. Mayun, A. A. M. Astiningsih, and M. S. Sumarniasih, “Respon pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman sawi hijau terhadap pemberian pupuk organik,” Agrotrop: Journal on Agriculture Science, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 267–275, Nov. 2022, doi: 10.24843/ajoas.2022.v12.i02.p08.
[21] Zenius Education, “Pupuk kandang ayam, sapi, dan kambing,” Zenius Blog, 2021. [Online]. Tersedia: https://www.zenius.net/blog/ [Diakses: Juni 2026].
[22] T. Y. Budiarso, C. Amarantini, and G. Prihatmo, “Pemberdayaan ekonomi umat: ‘Pemanfaatan lingkungan disekitar rumah untuk budidaya bayam Brazil di era pandemi’,” Servirisma, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 45–53, May 2022, doi: 10.21460/servirisma.2022.21.10.
[23] N. Taokaenchan, P. Areesrisom, and S. Satienperakul, “Vitamin C, chlorophyll content and total phenolic compounds in Artemisia lactiflora as affected by different organic fertilizers,” Chiang Mai University Journal of Natural Sciences, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 1–12, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.12982/cmujns.2020.0064.
[24] A. I. Nurmalasari, M. Rahayu, A. T. Sakya, D. Purnomo, and A. Rosadi, “The role of biochar and organic fertilizers on the growth and yields of soybean,” Journal of Central European Agriculture, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 275–283, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.5513/jcea01/25.1.4129.
[25] M. M. B. Damanik, “Pengaruh jenis pupuk kandang (kambing, sapi, ayam) dan dosis terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman sawi (Brassica juncea L.),” Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Agros, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 32–41, Jan. 2022.
[26] D. Jackson et al., “Gas exchange and chlorophyll content in tomato grown under different organic fertilizers and biofertilizer doses,” African Journal of Agricultural Research, vol. 13, no. 41, pp. 2256–2262, Oct. 2018, doi: 10.5897/ajar2018.13360.
[27] Mhd. N. Ritonga, S. Aisyah, M. J. Rambe, S. Rambe, and S. Wahyuni, “Pengolahan kotoran ayam menjadi pupuk organik ramah lingkungan,” Jurnal ADAM: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 137–141, Aug. 2022, doi: 10.37081/adam.v1i2.548.
[28] Dermiyati, Sistem Pertanian Organik Berkelanjutan. Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Plantaxia, 2015.
[29] M. Sutedji, Pupuk dan Cara Pemupukan. Jakarta, Indonesia: Rineka Cipta, 2010.
[30] Neurafarm, “Perbedaan pupuk kandang ayam, sapi, dan kambing,” Dokter Tania Blog, Sep. 2020. [Online]. Tersedia: https://www.neurafarm.com/blog/ [Diakses: Juni 2026].
[31] T. M. Awopegba, K. A. Adeboye, and F. F. Samuel, “The effects of rabbit compost tea and NPK fertilizer on the growth parameters of maize (Zea mays L.),” Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 899–904, Jun. 2024, doi: 10.24925/turjaf.v12i6.899-904.6718.
[32] S. D. W. Prajanti, C. Litaay, T. Widiatningrum, D. R. Amelia, and D. Daud, “Application of rabbit urine and manure based fertilizer on the growth of Arabica and Robusta coffee seedlings,” Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 441–449, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v15i3.48027.
[33] Y. R. I. Mutaqin, D. Pitaloka, A. H. Pratiwi, A. L. Hakim, and Z. Abidin, “Pengaruh penggunaan pupuk kascing, pupuk kandang ayam, dan pupuk kandang kambing terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bayam merah (Amaranthus tricolor L.),” BERKALA ILMIAH AGROTEKNOLOGI - PLUMULA, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 7–13, Mar. 2025, doi: 10.33005/plumula.v13i1.239.
[34] Neurafarm, “Perbedaan kandungan antara ayam dan kambing,” Dokter Tania Blog, 2020. [Online]. Tersedia: https://www.neurafarm.com/blog/ [Diakses: Juni 2026].
[35] Gokomodo, “Manfaat pupuk kandang dan jenis-jenisnya,” Gokomodo Blog, Nov. 2023. [Online]. Tersedia: https://gokomodo.com/blog/ [Diakses: Juni 2026].
[36] L. H. Aulianta, “Pengaruh macam pupuk kandang dan konsentrasi urin kelinci pada pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman mentimun (Cucumis sativus L.),” Skripsi, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur, Surabaya, Indonesia, 2022.
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 2026-07-01 (2)
- 2026-06-30 (1)
